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The word “Diamond ” comes from the

Greek word adamastos meaning

“unrelenting, unconquerable”, which

originally meant a state of being to

which every man should aspire.

Adamas was the name of the strongest

metal with which the weapons of the

gods are forged, and adamas came to

also apply to diamond.

Diamond is best representation of your true love from ancient times. Diamonds jewelries are in trend of fashion yet. So if you want to show your love to special nothing can as special as diamond to show your deep love to your love once.
Louis Vuitton has launched their own diamond cuts based on their iconic monogram flowers. The cuts which are patented took over three years to develop and each features between sixty one and seventy seven facets.
Here is different diamond jewelries present for your life style. The monogram cut diamonds will be available in numerous settings including a necklace featuring a thousand and one brilliant cut diamonds totaling fifteen carats It has about sixty five round flower diamonds holded together totaling forty nine carats and seventy nine pointed flowers totaling forty four carats giving the necklace a total weight of one hundred and eight carats.
Brooches, rings and necklaces featuring the monogram cut diamonds will also be available. Add these diamonds as a part of your life style. Diamond jewelries are always with unique glimmering appearance that shins your face. Diamond jewelries are fabulous for your beautiful look. These floral diamond cut designs are excellent for all special purposes of life.

The world's 15th-largest rough diamond - about the size of a golf ball and dubbed the Lesotho Promise - was bought by a South African diamond cutting company today for $16.6 million at the end of a five-day silent bid competition in Antwerp.

Lesotho's Natural Resources Minister Mamphono Khaketla, whose government and mining company Gem Diamonds co-owned the 603-carat stone, announced the sale to the South African Diamond Corp, or Safdico, in the heart of the port city's diamond district.

"We called the diamond the Lesotho Promise. We promise you more of the same and better in the future," Khaketla told reporters.

Safdico is the manufacturing arm of famous British gem maker and seller Graff Jewelers.

The company said it would cut and polish the very clear gem at its Antwerp factory after carefully studying the rock's fissures and cracks to ensure it finishes off the product the best way possible.

Experts have already graded the Promise with a Class D status, meaning it is of the clearest quality, with no colour blemishes.

Safdico said it aims to produce a large rock, above 60 carats from the rough diamond and smaller polished stones, aiming to resell them for above $US20 million ($A26.97 million).

The Lesotho Promise was found in August at the famous Letsing mine, where in 1967 a 601-carat stone was discovered and was named the Lesotho Brown because of its colour.

Gem Diamonds chief executive Clifford Elphick said there were three other "very serious bidders" quite close to winning the final bid for the giant gem, but he refused to divulge who they were.

News reports said other bidders included jewelry maker Omega Diamonds from Australia and Antwerp-based diamond seller Rosy Blue.

Christie's Hong Kong jewelry sale set for December 1st is to be led by a five-carat, cushion-cut pink diamond. Named "The Vivid Pink," the stone is described as the largest fancy, potentially flawless-diamond placed in an auction.


Owned by a private collector, the stone is set in a ring by famed jeweler Graff and is estimated to sell for HK$ 39-55 million ($5-8 million or $1-1.6 million per carat).

Pink diamonds are extremely rare and thought to obtain their unique color from alterations in the atomic lattice of the diamond. Unlike other pink diamonds, the Vivid Pink displays no secondary color modifiers such as purple or orange often found in pink diamonds.

The current record for a pink diamond sold at auction is for a rectangular-cut fancy pink VVS2 diamond weighing 19.66 carats and sold at Christie’s Geneva in 1994 for $7.42 million ($377,483 per carat).

At $24 million, the most valuable fancy diamond ever sold at auction is the Wittelsbach blue diamond.



Diamonds have been a source of fascination for centuries. They are the hardest, the most imperishable, and the brilliant of all precious stones. The word "diamond" comes from the Greek word adamas, meaning "unconquerable".


A diamond is a transparent gem made of carbon, one of the earth's most common elements.

The formation of diamonds began very early in the earth's history, when the condensation of s

olid matter into a sphere caused the centre of the planet to become subjected to incredible extremes of temperatures and pressure.


It was these conditions that caused deposits of carbon to begin to crystallise deep in the earth. As the earth's surface cooled, volcanic activity forced streams of magna (liquid rock) to the

surface, carrying with it the diamond crystals. Later, the diamond-bearing rock hardened, encasing the diamonds in vertical volcanic "pipes".


But not all diamonds are found where they first came to the surface. Subsequent erosion of

the topsoils over millions of years washed some of the diamonds into streams and rivers, and sometimes as far away as the sea. It is highly probable that they were first discovered in areas such as these, far away from their original location.


The atomic structure of a diamond gives it the property of being the hardest substance known to man, natural or synthetic. The diamond is thousands of times harder than corundum, the

next hardest substance from which rubies and sapphires are formed. Even after many

years of constant wear, diamonds will preserve their sharp edges and corners

when most other stones will have become worn and chipped.


However, many people expect a diamond to be unbreakable. This is not true. A diamond's

crystal structure has "hard" and "soft" directions. A blow of sufficient force, in a very exact direction, can crack, chip, split or even shatter a diamond.







The quality and value of diamonds are measured by four characteristics known as the 4C's. The 4C's relate to a diamond's cut, colour, clarity and carat weight. The quality of a diamond is measured by its cut, colour and clarity. The carat weight measures the size of the diamond. Of all the 4C's, cut is the characteristic directly influenced by man; colour, clarity and carat weight are all dictated by nature.

Cut



A diamond in its natural, uncut state is described as a "rough diamond". Its natural appearance so resembles a glass pebble that
most people would pass it by without a second glance. I
t is the skill of the
diamond cutter that unlocks the brilliance for which diamonds are renowned.

If two identical diamonds are placed side by side and one is less brilliant and fiery than the other, the fault lies in the cutting. Such a stone cannot demand as high a price as a well-cut diamond.

It is important to distinguish between cut and shape. S
ome of the more popular shapes of diamonds include Round Brilliant, Oval, Marquise, Pear, Heart and Emerald. Within each of these shapes, however,
it is the cut that determines the quality of the stone. For example, most diamonds are cut with 58 facets, regardless of their shape.

Colour
A diamond's colour is one of the most important factors in determining its value. The nearer a white diamond is to being absolutely colourless, the more rare and valuable it is. The graduations in colour are
so subtle that intricate international grading scales have been devised.

Diamonds are graded into categories defined by letters. The colour range from exceptional whites (categories D, E and F) to tinted colours (categories M to Z). The best way to pinpoint a diamond's true colour is to place it next to another diamond that has previously been graded.

There are also fancy coloured diamonds and these are graded according to their intensity of colour, not lack of it. There are a variety of reasons for diamonds to be coloured. The most common causes, or suggested causes, for the colours yellow, g
reen, blue, brown and pink are described below.

Yellow:
When nitrogen combines with the diamond crystals during the formation stage it causes a surplus electron in the bonding. This surplus electron absorbs blue light, thus giving off a yellow colour. Yellow diamonds also occur when aggregates of three nitrogens combine and cause surplus bond.

Blue:
The elements of boron may also be substituted within a diamond during its formation. Boron absorbs red light, hence in the absence of nitrogen, diamonds containing boron are blue in colour. An example of a diamond containing boron is the famous Blue Hope diamond. Diamonds containing boron also exhibit unusual electrical pro
perties and are semi-conductive in nature. Hydrogen is another impurity that, in high quantities, can cause grey or blue colouring in diamonds. However, these diamonds are not semi-conducting.

Green:
A vacancy in the regular lattice of atoms within a diamond results in a green colouring. Carbon atoms being knocked out of their regular position by othe
r particles cause vacancies. The depth of colour usually extends about 2mm below the diamond's surface. At extremely high temperatures the vacancies can become mobile and can combine with nitrogen to form other colours such as mauve, orange, blue or gold.

Brown:
It has been suggested that dislocations in the regular lattice of atoms, caused by severe forces deep in the earth, may be responsible for the brown colou
ring of champagne and cognac diamonds. The dislocated bonds may affect the light wavelength, thus producing a diamond which is coloured, but which contains no impurities.

Pink:
It has also been suggested that combinations of dislocations, vacancies, and non-nitrogen impurities cause the much sought-after colouration in pink diamonds. However these theories are still being developed.

Clarity

During the formation of a diamond it is possible for minute particles of non-crystallised carbon or non-diamond crystals to be caught within the diamond. These imperfections are called inclusions and provide each individual diamond with unique characteristics.

Inclusions may not always be visible to the naked eye, however they do interfere with the passage of light through the diamond. Therefore the fewer inclusions a diamond has, the more valuable it is.


Diamonds need caring to keep them looking at their brilliant best. They should be cleaned at least once a month to keep away the "dullness" that can be caused by skin oils, soap, cosmetics and even cooking grease. The only substance that does not stick to a diamond is water. A clean diamond will reflect better light.


There are several ways of keeping diamond jewellery clean.

The detergent bath is performed with a small bowl of warm suds using any mild liquid detergent. Immerse jewellery pieces in the suds and brush gently with a tooth brush. Rinse under warm running water and pat dry with a soft, lint-free cloth.

The quick dip method uses one of the liquid jewellery care products available. Follow the instructions on the kit.

The latest jewellery-cleaning device is the sonic jewellery cleaner. It is electronically operated and comes with its own solution and directions.

Some extra helpful hints to keep diamond jewellery looking at its best.

1) It is better not to wear diamond jewellery when doing rough work or the dishes. Despite the durability of a diamond, it can be chipped by a hard blow along its grain.

2) Take care when doing the housework, not to let diamond jewellery come into contact with chlorine bleach, as it won't harm the diamond but can pit or discolour the mounting.

3) When placing diamond jewellery in a jewellery case, be sure to wrap them individually as they can easily scratch each other as well as other gem jewellery. Be sure to take all types of precious mounted jewellery to a jeweller at least once a year to check for loose settings and signs of wear.


From myths about valleys of diamonds protected by snakes, to the production of millions of carats in rough diamonds each year, the history of diamonds is one of mystical power, beauty and commercial expertise.


The first recorded history of the diamond dates back some 3,000 years to India, where it is likely that diamonds were first valued for their ability to refract light. In those days, the diamond was used in two ways-for decorative purposes, and as a talisman to ward off evil or provide protection in battle.


The diamond was also used for some time as medical aid. One anecdote, written during the Dark Ages by St Hildegarde, relates how a diamond held in the hand while making a sign of the cross would heal wounds and cure illnesses. Diamonds were also ingested in the hope of curing sickness. During the early Middle Ages, Pope Clement unsuccessfully used this treatment in a bid to aid his recovery.





During the Middle Ages more attention was paid to the worth of diamonds, rather than the mystical powers surrounding them. Due to the heightened public awareness of the value of diamonds, mine owners perpetuated myths that diamonds were poisonous. This was to prevent the mineworkers swallowing the diamonds in an attempt to smuggle them out of the mines.



The popularity of diamonds surged during the Middle Ages, with the discovery
of many large and famous stones in India, such as the Koh-I-Noor and the Blue Hope. Toda
y India maintains the foremost diamond polishing industry in the world.


As the Indian diamond supply dwindled, smaller finds occurred in Borneo and Brazil, but these were not sufficient to meet the ever-increasing demand for diamonds. The mid-nineteenth century discovery of diamonds near the
Orange River in South Africa sparked the world's biggest diamond rush, and helped
to satiate the w
orld's increasing appetite for diamonds.


During the mid-nineteenth century, diamonds were also being discovered in eastern Australia. However, it was not until late 1970's, after seven years of earnest searching, that Australia's alleged potential as a diamond producer was validated.


On October 2nd 1979, geologists found the Argyle pipe near Lake Argyle: the richest diamond deposit in the world. Since then, Argyle has become the world's largest volume producer of diamonds, and alone is responsible for producing over a third of the world's diamonds every year.


Fancy green diamonds are also available. Usually, penetration of the colour is not very deep and is often removed during the fashioning of the stone.


A limited quantity of fancy green diamonds is recovered from the Argyle mine.

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